Managing diversity and its Competitive Advantage

Question: Talk about the Managing assorted variety and its Competitive Advantage. Answer: Presentation: The term overseeing assorted variety demonstrates the significance of uniting all the individuals from the various foundations, age gatherings, religions and societies in the work environment into the gainful and durable unit (Harvey and Allard 2015). Then again, in the expressions of Barak (2016), the multiculturalism or the culturally diverse correspondence is a helpful idea for the development of the associations on account of its interests over the expansion at the work power. The expansion in the work power assists with building up the better relations with different associations in the global market. Presently, the propelled correspondence innovation to be specific utilization of web, telephones and social destinations make changes in the normal idea of business into the more worldwide one. As indicated by Kirton and Greene (2015), to get by in the serious market effectively, the association needs to use and deal with the decent variety culture in the working environment produc tively. By dealing with the decent variety or multiculturalism in the working environment, it very well may have the option to get the upper hand which assists with supporting in the worldwide market successfully. In this point of view, the overseeing decent variety or the multiculturalism in the working environment of US explicitly the notable association Procter and Gamble (PG) has been basically talked about. The statement of purpose of PG is to give the worth everybody, incorporate all the individuals and they play out their obligations and obligations at their most noteworthy capacity to do (Us.pg.com 2017). The PG is that sort of association wherein the decent variety in culture, custom, various perspectives and individual encounters are similarly rewarded and viewed as the significant components for the development of the organization. With the assistance of successful business system of incorporation and assorted variety of PG, they can have the option to associate their business with different associations in the worldwide market. Additionally, the multiculturalism idea of the business assists with getting the upper hand in the worldwide market which guarantees the cultivate developme nt of the association (De Anca and Vega 2016). This exploration study is advanced with the concise investigation of overseeing assorted variety in the working environment and its upper hand of the association. In this point of view, the notable association PG in US has been accounted. The multiculturalism idea of this association has been fundamentally talked about with the assistance of writing audit. Also, the investigation and assessment have been made on this theme. Overseeing decent variety and its upper hand: According to the perspective on Modood (2013), assorted variety is of numerous sorts, for example, physical, social and financial. Accordingly, the age, sexual orientation, character, capacity, way of life, religion, language, national birthplace, social class, instruction, work capacity, calling and a lot more factors improves the qualities of person which assists with making progress in the association. The usage of multiculturalism or decent variety in the work environment assists with making the states of nature, qualities, practices and mentalities of the representatives Entzinger (2014). Also, the decent variety in the work power legitimately mirrors the nature and crucial the organization through which various sorts of clients feel great for doing the business. As opined by Lcke, Kostova and Roth (2014), the segment changes in the workforce, globalization impact and the customer arrangement serves to changes the conventional idea of work environment which guarantee to continue in the universal market effectively. Additionally, by collecting distinctive culture, training, language, capacities, characters, subjective style and occupation work, the association picks up its upper hand in the worldwide market (Rhoads and Valadez 2016). To keep up the upper hand in the worldwide business showcase, the association need the above-expressed quality and individuals for serving and playing out the best quality to their customers. Subsequently, with the assistance of assorted culture and various individuals in the work environment, the encourage development of the association can be accomplished. The significance of assorted variety in the working environment: The execution of assorted variety or multiculturalism in the work environment is one of the fundamental elements for continuing in the serious market and accomplishing the drawn out development as the worldwide business idea and the segment designs have changed radically. Because of the headway in the human services framework, the development of the populace is profoundly critical in both the creating and industrialized nations (Henson 2015). From the present investigation, it tends to be expressed that the working age gathering of populace is expanded constantly in the creating nations. The future is likewise expanded in the creating countries, for example, Asia though, the fruitfulness rate is lower in the created nations to be specific North America. The changing conduct of the segment factor expanded the significance of decent variety in the work environment. Without executing the decent variety in the work power, the likely development of the association can't be accomplished (Dheer and Lenartowicz 2016). Sex shifts: Following the worldwide segment changes in the working environment, the customary idea of sexual orientation segregation in the association has been transformed into another period. The expanding number of support of female representatives in the workforce has widened the possibility of sex decent variety (Ali, Ng and Kulik 2014). The progression of advances and computerization framework has empowered the female representative to perform different kinds of occupations which are already genuinely requesting and unwanted to the female worker. The male predominant workforce and the sex pay segregation have been supported to the ladies representative. They can partake any work which is similarly done by the male partners. Along these lines, the usage of sexual orientation assorted variety in the work environment is fundamental viewpoint for gaining the planned development of the association (Richard, Kirby and Chadwick 2013). Besides, the imagination, creative thoughts, initiative capaci ty and instructive information on the female workers help to arrive at the ideal objective of the association. Convenience: As indicated by Chapple and Humphrey (2014), convenience is a significant factor which permits the individuals to contribute the gifts alongside their incapacities to the workforce. The move of the conventional idea of working hours into the advanced time, the adaptable working hours, family leave and working from home pull in both the male and female representatives in the work environment. With the assistance of legitimate settlement framework, the representatives can execute their aptitudes and capacity proficiently (Cumming, Leung and Rui 2015). The advantage of the business rouses them to work increasingly more enthusiastically which by implication improves the business development of the association. Then again, the open, compelling and agreeable specialists are accessible by giving the fitting convenience to them. Advantages of the assorted variety the board as an upper hand: By following the significance of decent variety the board in the working environment, it tends to be expressed that there is a few part of advantages in it which is considered as the upper hand of the association. According to the perspective on Barak (2016), the overseeing decent variety in the work environment makes the constructive condition and propels the individuals to build the efficiency level, consistency standard and fulfillment level. In the more extensive angle, the decent variety in the working environment encourages the cooperation, imaginative work, inventiveness and gives the best quality work to the clients and customers alongside the expanded worth (Reynolds, Rahman and Bradetich 2014). The upper hands and the advantages of the assorted variety the executives in the work environment have been talked about in the accompanying way. With the usage of decent variety the executives in the working environment, client administrations and promoting procedure can be improved through the strategy of better understanding and the settlement arrangement of the concerned client gatherings and their requests. The multiculturalism nature inside the association assists with improving the spirit, efficiency level, innovativeness and execution of the workers. In addition, Lcke, Kostova and Roth (2014) contended that during overseeing assorted variety in the working environment, the determination, improvement and treatment of individuals alongside evenhanded work environment should be possible which for the most part focuses the reasonableness and benefits of the individuals. In the expressions of Ali, Ng and Kulik (2014), to continue in the serious market effectively, the expense of creation and the cost of the items should diminish. Presently, the decent variety in the working environment assists with improving the consistency standard and lessen the expense of creations alongside the cost of the items through the procedure of turnover and lower truancy. As there is no sex segregation and ability gets the main goal, both the female and male representatives are invited in the working environment. They give their best which guarantees to make and reach to the ideal situation in the worldwide market effectively. According to the perspective on Richard, Kirby and Chadwick (2013), due to nondiscriminatory and all the more just condition, the related hazard variables can be brought down in the association. Subsequently, the bothersome expense and hazard can be stayed away from and the benefit and income sum can be expanded. Besides, the picked up cash can be reinvested in the creation technique as opposed to expensing any optional use (Cumming, Leung and Rui 2015). In this viewpoint, as multicultural individuals are invited in the work environment, the minority religions can likewise take an interest in the profitable work. Hence, the sex adjusted business shrinks by the administration are qualified and get inclination in the working environment inside the association. Then again, as opined by Reynolds, Rahman and Bradetich (2014), the

Project Management Essay Example

Venture Management Essay Evaluation of an action you accept would be Improved by overseeing as an undertaking; Appraisal of a current work venture you are right now Involved with; or Appraisal of an effectively you were Involved with In the past that you accept could have been overseen as a task. Task report The task report ought to include: an) A concise depiction of the authoritative setting and the task condition to guarantee the task analyst comprehends the setting wherein the venture is set. b) A layout of the targets of the venture and the significance of the task to the association. We will compose a custom exposition test on Project Management explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Project Management explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Project Management explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer c) A nitty gritty diagram and investigation of the utilization of applicable ideas, devices and methods associated with venture the executives. This segment ought to contain the principle part of your task and should comprise of a diagram and examination of the pertinent undertaking ideas shrouded in the subject. At the very least, there ought to be a notice of at any rate the accompanying ideas: How the venture ought to be characterized How undertaking occasions and expenses are assessed A conversation of the undertaking plan The administration of venture hazard Asset booking Venture group issues Venture execution the board Note that albeit these ideas ought to be referenced, some of them might be more significant for your specific task than others. In these examples, you should don't hesitate to concentrate your investigation all the more vigorously on the more significant issues as they sway your venture. Word tally (from the beginning of the Introduction segment as far as possible of the Conclusion segment and not Including figures/diagrams): 2,745 words The reason for this paper is to introduce a venture proposition for another task which was as of late dispensed to the undertaking supervisory crew at the Fussily Medical Systems Company, Sydney, Australia. The purpose behind the venture results from the success of a delicate for a multi year film/print contract between Fussily Medical and the I-Med Network and is worth $million. This involves the establishment of 220 Laser Digital X-Ray Film printers in 147 locales across Australia from Darwin to Hobart and numerous urban areas and towns in the middle. In building up the undertaking proposition, this paper will exhibit what the venture expects to achieve, how the task will approach achieving its goals and if for sure it is with regards to the key vision of the organization and therefore that it is so imperative to the organization. In proposing what work must be done, which is the goal of the proposition, this paper will introduce a nitty gritty review and investigation of the utilization of important ideas, devices and strategies associated with venture the board. As a rule, in light of the proposition, higher administration will settle on a choice on whether to continue with the task. When the choice is made and the order given to continue with the venture, the task plan is created, refined and executed. While the task plan isn't, most definitely, a significant piece of the brief for this paper a portion of these viewpoints will be examined for fulfillment. List of chapters 1. Presentation 2. The Companies and Project Environment Medical Systems 6 2. 1 Fussily 6 2. 2 The I-Med Network 6 2. 3 The Project Environment, Objectives and Importance of the Project 7 3. The Project Overview and Analysis Cycle 9 3. 2 The Project Life 83. 1 Defining the Project 3. 2. 1 The objectives and determinations of the venture assignments and duties of the task 9 3. 2. 2 10 3. 3 Planning the 11 3. 3. Asset The Project 3. 3. 1 Schedules Scheduling 11 14 3. 3. The Management of Project Risk 3. 3. 5 Project Team Issues Project Performance Management 4. End Glossary References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 13 3. 3. 3 Estimation of Costs 15 3. 3. 6 16 17 18 19 20 Whilst venture the board was previously the area of the structure business, the strategies utilized there are presently additionally used in new item improvement, occasion the board, bigger PC equipment and programming establishments, significant hardware establishments and, in any authoritative occasion that is sufficiently large to have an impressive number of requests and factors. Undertakings have a predetermined target o accomplish, a beginning and end point, regularly require the uniting of different experts inside the association who might typically be working independently, are not business as usual work of the association lastly, financial plan, time and execution limitations are indispensable. In this way extends are explicit elements which require specific administration as a task director and their group. The initial segment of the procedure or life pattern of an undertaking is the proposition stage where the task is characterized and arranged. This paper will focus on these parts of undertaking the board. A point by point outline and investigation of the venture will follow in order to show what is required to unite a task to an effective end. 2 The Companies and Project Environment 2. 1 Fussily Medical Systems A pioneer in imaging, Fussily Medical Systems (FM) was the principal organization on the planet to present a computerized x-beam demonstrative framework in 1983. Other than x-beam imaging hardware, FM additionally delivers and markets endoscopies, ultrasound and clinical IT (PASS and IRIS) arrangements. FM is an auxiliary organization of Fussily Holding Company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. In Australia, the administrative center is in Brooklet, Sydney. 2 The I-Med Network The I-Med Network or I-Med Radiology Network is an exclusive organization and the biggest clinical imaging system in Australia with 200 facilities covering all significant metropolitan zones and critical pieces of provincial and local Australia. The gathering offers all outputs and radiology administrations including X-beam, PET, CT, MR.., Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound, Mammography and International Procedures. 2. 3 The Project Environment, Objectives and Importance of the Project Fussily Medical has been fruitful in the offered off delicate for the flexibly of 220 X-beam advanced laser film printers. The printers will be provided and introduced into 147 locales across Australia at no expense however the I-Med Network needs to buy ten million dollars estimation of film at a pre-set cost for the length of a multi year contract. The marketing projections will be checked volume, the I-Med Network should take care of back a punishment charge for each meter of film that has not met the objective. This safeguard guarantees that Fussily Medical Systems doesn't lose income and at last benefit on this arrangement. The principal matter, generally, that is a piece of the task to be attempted is the readiness by the FM organization specialists f the I-Med Equipment, Consumables and Support Agreement (the understanding). The understanding diagrams all the legitimate prerequisites and desires for the venture between the gatherings, including the upkeep, breakdown and specialized help and administration level advertised. The conclusion of the understanding is a basic advance and until this is marked and settled by the two gatherings nothing else will continue. There were two other significant organizations offering in this delicate to be specific Gaff Healthcare and Kodak. This arrangement and in this manner the venture is critical to Fussily Medical for the accompanying reasons: 1 . It will shield contenders from going into film/print manages the I-Med organize for in any event the four years of the agreement; 2. Toward the finish of the agreement, the l-Med system may decide to proceed with its relationship with Fussily and re-contract with new gear for another term; 3. It offers FM the benefit of being available and having first search in for esteem included deals for other hardware like Computed or Digital Radiography picture processors or PASS and IRIS (see Glossary); 4. The estimation of the arrangement is around 10% of the complete income for FM during the agreement time frame, subsequently it is an arrangement that can't be excused. Further, as expressed by Larson and Gray (2011 p. 23) [s]treated is executed through activities. Each task ought to have an unmistakable connect to the associations procedure. To be sure, this venture absolutely fits in with Fistfuls Medicals statement of purpose, which is: To be the perceived pioneer in giving incorporated answers for meet every client imaging and data needs. Fussily USA site, 2013) 3 The Project Overview and Analysis The Project Management Institute (IMP refered to in Larson and Gray 2011, p. 5) characterizes a task in this way: A venture is a brief endeavourer embraced to make an extraordinary lessen, administration or result. Sheehan (2008) discloses to us that tasks are turning out to be increasingly more critical to associations and undoubtedly activities, the progressing exercises in an organization, for example, assembling and administrations, while vital, are on the decay. Larson and Gray (2011 p. ) unmistakably express the significant attributes off task as follows: 1 . A set up objective; 2. A characterized life range with a start and an end; 3. For the most part, the contribution of a few divisions and experts; 4. Regularly, accomplishing something that has never been done; and 5. Explicit time, cost, and reference necessities. The venture to be embraced by Fussily Medical Systems for the I-Med Network positively envelops all the above qualities. The target has been venture is relied upon to start on April 1, 2014 and finished by September 30, 2014. This is a period compelled venture. The undertaking will include the legitimate, fund and obtainment offices, account supervisors, specialized administrations architects and circuit testers, IT pros, warehousing and coordinations and the task manager(s). A task of the scale introduced here has never been att

14 Reminders That Youre More Awesome Than You Know

14 Reminders That Youre More Awesome Than You Know No one is immune to feeling down and small sometimes. Responsible villains for this condition are feelings of fear, discouragement, doubt, and lack of self-confidence.You may feel youre worthless. You can think you dont deserve anything good, and that you are responsible for all the bad things happening around you.Furthermore, you are convinced that you deserve those bad things because you are not good enough. Everyone who thinks like that is so wrong!Yet, they are having an emotional breakdown and it is not easy for them to think rationally.You need to tell yourself that no matter what is happening to you and around you, you deserve happiness. You need to believe that you are worthy of anything you want in order to get it.You need to KNOW that you are strong enough to endure everything life puts you through and that way, youll be strong enough to face the obstacles in your path… and even stronger when the troubles are over!Yes, in order to succeed its sometimes necessary to be a b it rough on yourself, but you should note that self-discipline can bear a striking resemblance to putting yourself down.Once youve mastered discipline, you will need to relearn how to take care of yourself because, lets face it, if you dont do it, no one else will.If you are feeling down or have lost faith in yourself, you should carefully read this article. It is meant to remind you how awesome you are.1. YOU ARE UNIQUEYou might not think of yourself as someone unique. You may have the same generic name, same job, car and suit as everyone else and you might have lost yourself in all that rubble.Stop and think about it for a while!You are not your name, nor your car, your job or your suitOut of billions of stars existing in billions of galaxies, out of seven billion people living on this planet, you are one and only. You have your own, unique genetic structure. Your thumbprint is yours alone. Your voice is yours alone. Your thoughts are yours alone let alone your feelings!You are un ique and special all the way through so make it count!Theres no one out there in the whole world who thinks exactly the same as you do, except for the thought that we all think the same.Every individual, no matter how brainwashed he/she is, interprets reality in his/her unique way and from a somewhat unique perspective.Think about this article for instance. No matter how many people read it, all have gone through different sets of experiences in their lives and these words will spark different associations for every single individual that reads them.Your memories, your experiences, and your associations are yours and yours alone. You have your own inner reality that corresponds to this one.Think about it when you close your eyes and fall asleep, does anyone dream the same dream that you do? Hardly2. YOU ARE A CREATOR EVEN IF YOU DONT KNOW ITYou heard it right! You are a creator which means youre creative and what are creative people? They are original and authentic.And what exactly is my creation, you might wonder. Your life so far.Until now youve made a set of different choices in life and you combined possibilities to make them actualize in a way that no one else has done before you.You chose how to go through your life. In a way, you created your own narrative. every time you made a decision.Even what youre doing now, telling yourself that you are this or that is creating a narrative. Its creating a role for you to play and that role starts the chain of events.Everyone does the same for themselves, but everyone does it differently.Its not that different from dreaming. You take some elements of your previous experiences (which are yours and yours alone) and you combine them with your anticipation.You combine them with your fears, hopes and thoughts about what could be. In other words imagination.A mind is a powerful tool so use it to send some affirmations your way. You are more awesome than you think. 3. YOU ARE THE UNIVERSEWhen you look at the sky and the stars, you think the universe is something upon, beyond, far far awayBut the truth is you’re not just an observer of the universe. You are part of it just like stars and planets are.You exist on a planet which is a part of one of billion star systems in billions of galaxies. Doesn’t that seem like you are part of the universe as well?Whats more, new researches confirm that we are literally created from stardust. A few decades ago it sounded like a line of a poem, but today firm science is standing behind this statement.Planetary scientist, Dr. Ashley King explains that almost all the elements in the human body were formed in stars over billions of years.Also, astrophysicist Karel Schrijver and Iris Schrijver, a pathologist, say that our bodies are made of remains of stars and explosions in the galaxies.According to this, every human being is made of stardust. So not that you’re only a part of the universe, you are the universe and the universe is as awesome as it gets, right?T hat can only mean one thing You are awesome!4. YOU ARE WORTHYYou ask yourself: Who am I to be gorgeous, brilliant, talented, marvelous You give up on your dreams because you think you cant relate to those shiny happy people on the red carpets out there.You give up on becoming a singer just because you dont hear yourself singing like Beyonce or Andrea Bocelli.You dont even try writing because your sentences are far under J.K. Rowlings.You even give up on sending a message to that beautiful girl you met last night just because you think theres no chance that someone like her may fall for someone you. Stop it!Heres what you need to do: look for that thing that youre good at. Perhaps its drawing, singing, writing, dancing, speaking, thinking, imagining, laughing, making others laugh, making one hell of a tea or whateverIt can really be anything because anyone excels in something. Devote yourself to that thing no matter how trivial it may seem to you.You will discover that no one else d oes it quite as you do and that difference is exactly what makes you awesome.Rarity holds value so never forget that!5. ENOUGH IS ENOUGHMotivational speeches often use the phrase You are enough.This phrase may sometimes confuse people. The phrase doesnt mean someone measures you. It doesnt suggest you should measure yourself, either. There is no such thing as a human-meter.Also, it doesnt mean you dont need anybody. You do! A human being is a social being. It doesnt mean you dont have to make goals and achievements, as you are already enough.It means you are enough to live your life the way you want to.Having someone to add to your value is great, but you dont NEED anyone to do it. You dont depend on it.You dont need anyone so you can achieve your goals. You dont need anybody to be yourself. You are enough to be whatever you want, to do whatever makes you happy and fulfilled. You are enough just as you are.6. THINK OF ALL THE POTENTIALActually, dont just think about it. Take a penci l and write all the things you could do right now. Write down even those trivial simple things that anyone can do.Start from the somewhat neutral stuff.For example, you could take a walk, gaze through the window, try and guess peoples names based on the way they look, have a meal, spit it out, throw the trash out, talk to your neighbour, watch a movie or binge the whole season of that TV show that everyones talking about.Then include some bad stuff too. For example, you could steal something, be rude to your neighbor, yell at someone or break a window.Then some good stuff as well. You could be kind to your neighbor and make him/her feel good about himself/herself. You can help someone out there or make someone laugh or at least smile.See, when you think of it, thats power the ability to influence people and events. You have that ability and that itself is as awesome as it gets, not to mention the ability to choose how you will use your abilities.You can decide about the way things will roll and thats so cool.So why do you sometimes forget that? One of the largest obstacles to success in your life is when you give your power away.For example, you can do the thing with the list and then perhaps do something from that list and you can also choose to procrastinate the moment away.People can waste lots of their time playing a victim. For example, someone hurts you, and you suffer and think about it for ages.You have lost precious time and life energy doing so. There is an important reference to remember: we cant choose what will happen to us, but we can choose how to respond to it.As Victor Frankl said, there is a space between stimulus and response and our power is in that space. In that response lies our growth and our freedom.So, choose wisely how youll respond to stimuli because you are the only one who can take away your power.You can do anything you set your mind to the quote everyone hears billions of times. Some think thats true, some think its a myth. We ll, both are right. A lot of it is in your head.Try setting goals grounded in real life though. For example, you are determined to get in that excellent college.You study hard, you give your best, and in the end, you dont get accepted. Will you quit? No, of course not!Youll never be an achiever if you give up, youll be a quitter that way. Thats not how you achieve your goals. Thats not setting your mind to something.If you truly set your mind to something, theres nothing in the world that can stop you. You will try again and again until you succeed because thats what great people do.Remember what Hanry Ford said: Whether you think you can, or think you cant you are right.Now think about everything youve achieved in your life and give yourself some credit.Maybe make another list.If you didnt achieve anything, well thats something to be congratulated on as well how in the world did you manage to do it?7. ITS ALL IN YOUR HEADAs you can see, all of your powers lie within you, in your h ead and your soul. Whether you go for something or you give up, that comes from your mindset.If you think positively, youll see new opportunities, lessons instead of mistakes.On the other hand, if you let negative thoughts overcome, youll see missed opportunities, all the mistakes you made in the past, you wont be able to see all the beauty of life.Tina Seeling has vividly described how your head controls your life.She had to describe the same scene from two perspectives one from the viewpoint of a person that feels happiness and love, and the second one from the point of a person full of sadness and grief.That simple task discovered two completely different pictures of the world depending on your emotional state.Simply put, if you are peaceful, youll see a brighter world, than if you are depressed when youll see greyness and all the imperfections of the world.The ability to choose is awesome, dont you think?8. AVERAGE IS THE NEW GREATMaybe you dont have silky long hair, big blue e yes, full lips or straight-edged nose. Maybe you crave another 3 inches in height and your abs arent that great.Maybe you see an ugly duckling when you look in the mirror. So whats awesome about that? Everything!(Under) Averages the new beautiful and ordinarys the new authentic!Nowadays, the media plays a huge role in the way people see beauty. They dictate what is beautiful and what is weird, whats original and whats the standardBut people are slowly starting to see through the whole matrix.First of all, rarity creates value. If everyone is 7ft tall with great abs, blue eyes and wonderful hair, that becomes the average and creates aesthetic inflation.If you do look like that, good for you, but theres nothing awesome in the battle you fight in your life because its not much of the battle, right? You just fit the pattern.Now, all the misfits out there are where the story gets awesome.Physical beauty is temporary, but the beauty you nurture within you remains forever. The skills you d evelop to compensate for not fitting the pattern makes you who you are.If one is beautiful on the outside but does not reflect inner beauty, one becomes less attractive physically. On the other hand, if one is kind, friendly, polite, sparkly, that affects his outer look, and the one appears more attractive.After all, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Dont let anyone make you think youre not beautiful, because you are. The most beautiful people are the ones who love themselves just the way they are and beautiful is awesome.9. YOU HAVE THE POWER OF A SMILENow, everyone has that. It doesnt make me more awesome than others, you might think and you are right to think it!Fist of all, it doesnt have to make you more awesome than others. It doesnt even have to make you more awesome than you are, it only has to make you more awesome than you think you are.Furthermore, all of us have the power, but only a few people use it consciously.Have you ever seen an ugly smile or a smile that made you feel bad? Ok, you, you might have seen the other one, but only in psychopaths in movies and hopefully youre not one of those.The point is that you dont need to have perfect teeth to have a perfect smile. You dont even have to have an occasion, reason or a cause to smile. You can smile for the sake of smiling. You can smile to defy everything that tends to make you frown.Another great thing is that it will inspire strength and positive feelings in others so the flow will spread. You have the power to create a ripple or a wave. How cool is that?A simple smile can break the ice in uncomfortable social occasions and protect you from negative energy. Smiling can literally improve your mood and fool your brain into being happy.Heres how it works. A smile is a natural reaction to the state of happiness, but it works vice versa too. If you simulate the reaction, you can trick your brain into thinking that there must be a cause for that reaction. Thats when all the happy hormones start r ushing.Also, its not just the mouth that smiles. When you smile, your eyes are sparkling, and theres nothing comparable to that impression. Smile with your whole being, with your energy.Youll brighten someone elses day, besides yours and the very power to do so surely makes you more awesome than you thought you were.10. GIVING VALUE TO WHAT YOU DODoesnt matter who you are, you can provide value. Everyone has his/her own purpose in the whole of society.Sometimes it’s easy to lose sight of why you are important.But at any time you should know that theres no replacement for you in someone elses life. The part you play may prove to be priceless.No matter how small you are, you are an important addition to humanity and a part of a larger whole. Thus, you have the power to influence that whole and that is worth everything!You have the power to give the most valuable gift you possess yourself, and it is the most incredible thing you are contributing to the world.Of course, dont forget y our family and friends who love you and cant imagine their lives without you in it so dont devote or sacrifice yourself in vain.11. YOU ARE ALIVEJust a short reminder of how lucky you are to be born and to live in this world. You are alive and capable of creating and doing, dont waste your time and opportunities.Youre here and youre reading this which means you are successfully going through another day. Whether the day is good or not, you are surviving. You are surviving despite having to pay the bills, the work you hate, despite your horrible love life, terrible social life You are making it through and youre only getting stronger.Thats more than many people have can say for themselves.12. YOUR QUIRKY HABITS ARE COOLMost of the people have little things they do that make them weird in some way.Some of them can be cute, as well. Quirky habits dont necessarily mean something bad, it simply means you have an eccentric or unconventional trait.Embrace the little quirks you have and cel ebrate them. They are one of the reasons why you are so awesome. They make you adorable and loveable.These habits can tell something about a person who possesses them. For example, quirky habits you possess can reveal how smart you are.If you have a messy desk, you stay up late, swear, like cold showers, doodle, daydream, talk back to others, it can mean that youre more intelligent and intelligence is awesome, right?13. YOU ARE PERFECTLY IMPERFECTLets face it you are not perfect. But guess what? Nobody else is perfect either. Being imperfect doesnt mean youre not awesome. Whining about not being perfect does though.Everyone has flaws and it is completely all right to be flawed. People are not expected to reach perfection.Its enough to strive towards reaching it, however, dont make it your obsession because it can be exhausting and unnecessary.14. MISTAKES CAN BE COOLYou are allowed to make mistakes. Every human being has done something he/she looks at as dumb or humiliating. These are mistakes, not life sentences. You are supposed to learn from your bad experiences.Think of your mistakes as a tool that can help you learn and grow, not as something that pulls you down and makes you less valuable. It’s not easy, but you have to run through your bad days and try to keep a positive attitude.Hopefully, you are a bit more aware of your awesomeness at this point in the article then you were at the beginning.You might have realized how amazing you are and how amazing everyone can be, only if they well, realize it. Acknowledging this, you can help someone understand the same and that in itself is awesome. Youd feel even better then, wouldnt you?Hopefully, youll remember all of this when you get down again. You can read some of it from time to time, to prevent your self-awareness from going low, or to boost it.You are a living creature, and no one expects you to be confident all the time.You are allowed to lose it sometimes. Losing it can be cool so stay awesome and get even more awesome with these tips:

Values and its impact on leadership theory and practices Free Essay Example, 4000 words

This will help in critically analysing the impact of values on leadership in terms of theories and practices in the business environment. Avolio (2007) stated that in today’s time, leadership is not only focused on leaders but also on followers, societies and individuals having different mindsets and understanding of the society and leadership. However, one thing that drives leaders and followers is the authenticity in the approach while leading. Harter, et al (2002) stated that authentic leadership is a process that draws positive psychological impact resulting in self awareness and self regulated positive behaviours on the part of leaders and followers. On the other hand Cooper, et al (2005) contradicted the views and opinions of Avolio by stating that authentic leadership is dependent on balanced processing, internal moral perspective, relational transparency and high degree of self-awareness. Sparrowe (2005) believed that values are approaches to understanding of how, when and why people value things that can be related to human psychology and philosophy. Walumbwa, et al (2008) stated that previously, value s were mainly based on the understanding of good and bad often driven by ethics and the notion has changed drastically. We will write a custom essay sample on Values and its impact on leadership theory and practices or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now However, in today’s world values are mainly driven by psychology, sociology and economics. Avolio (2007) believed that values are mainly driven by moral principles forming certain degree of assumptions that often get strengthened with the notion of right and wrong. Sparrowe (2005) believed that the notion of right and wrong cannot be ascertained considering the fact that what may be right for some can be wrong for others and vice versa. In terms of leadership, it becomes important to discuss different theories and relating them with the perception of people in terms of values. Every leadership theory is different in terms of impact and acceptance and with different set of values, it is but obvious that values impact and influence leadership style in terms of theories and practices. The next part of the discussion presents a number of leadership theories along with relating them with the concepts of values to identify the relationship between values and leadership. An Overview of Leadership Theories Avolio, et al (2003) stated that values are based on personal understanding of phenomenon and societies that are often driven and affected by situations. In the context of leadership, it was assumed that leadership is based on personal attributes and characteristics differentiating between the leaders and followers.

Superstition in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark...

In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, the theme of superstition is obviously portrayed in both views of Jim and Huck. Huck shows his beliefs in superstition throughout the entire novel, but especially in the beginning. Between Huck And Jim, Jim is by far the most superstitious. Huckleberry Finn is superstitious out of terror, while Jim is superstitious out of beliefs and his education. Huck and Jim have different point of views on how they see superstition. Jim, is Huck’s best friend on the long journey down the Mississippi, who seems to be more superstitious. Though Huck seems to believe things out of horror, Jim is superstitious because of his beliefs and experiences over time. This may be because of his†¦show more content†¦Huck began to believe in this superstition when the snake bit Jim in the heel and things began to go down hill. Jim is superstitious to the point where it is almost ridiculous where as Huck is more rational and trusts w hat he knows. Through out this novel, Huck and Jim show there ways of superstition. They both have different beliefs. Huck only believes that when he uses his superstition it is only for a good reason. However, Jims superstition is very strong and cant live without it. In chapter 1, Huck shows he is superstitious when he flicks the spider off his shoulder, it ends up falling in a candle and lighting it. Huck then stood up and went back in his tracks three times and crossed his breast every time. Huck then tied up a little piece of his hair with a thread to keep the witches away, â€Å"Pretty soon a spider went crawling up my shoulder, and I flipped it off and it lit in the candle; and before I could budge it was all shriveled up†(3). This makes Huck’s view of superstition very visible. Huck tends to believe things out of fear when something awful is about to happen. Like for instance, in chapter 4, Huck wants to throw salt over his shoulder because he thinks that some of the bad Luck will stop following them. During this, Miss Watson, his owner, was there to stop him and tell him that it wont help him one bit, â€Å"One morning I happened to turn over the salt-cellar at breakfast.Show MoreRelatedSuperstitions in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain851 Words   |  3 PagesSuperstition In Huckleberry Finn multiple instances of superstitions arise and seem to be engraved in the culture, even the most utmost examples being rarely questioned and continually passed on from generation to generation like a hand-me-down. In modern society, superstition is one big mind game. Eventually, enough people are affected by these notions that they become evidence for others. In both modern day and in the late 1800s when the story of Huck Finn took place, superstition has been usedRead MoreMorality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican author Mark Twain was one of the most influential people of his time. Twain is perhaps best known for his traditional classic, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel about an adventurous boy named Huck Finn as he traverses about on the Mississippi. Under first impressions, Huckleberry Finn would be considered nothing but a children’s tale at heart written by the highly creative Mark Twain. However o ne interprets it, one can undoubtedly presume that Twain included personal accounts withinRead MoreThe Main Themes of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain796 Words   |  4 Pagesattempting to find a plot in it will be shot.† This quote is from Mark Twain at the beginning of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and it shows Mark Twain’s humor, while also setting the tone for the book. This book was published in the 1880’s, which was around twenty years after the civil war, but it showed there were still signs of discrimination against the African Americans. The main themes of this story are racism and slavery, superstitions, and the issue of conforming to society to please othersRead MoreEssay on Prejudice and Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn833 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice and Racism in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚   The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is an excellent example of racism in literature, because it uses language describing African Americans which goes beyond satire.   It treats them as objects and perpetuates stereotypes. It does not expose and deal with racism, as many advocates of its reading claim, but encourages an attitude of superiority that is unnecessary and intolerable. In order to ridRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In Huckleberry Finn there are several themes. There are themes of racism and slavery, civilized society, survival, water imagery, and the one I will be discussing, superstition ( SparkNotes Editors). Superstition is a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation (â€Å"Merriam-Webster†). Superstition was a very popular theme in Huckleberry Finn that you sawRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1648 Words   |  7 Pagesfeel that you, too, can become great.† (Mark Twain ). Mark Twain rejected romanticism by saturating it with his superstition. By rejecting romanticism, Twain was establishing himself as a writer of the realism movement. Mark Twain was a skeptic about religion, and had especially harsh criticism of extreme evangelical Christians. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most prominent representations of Mark Twain s Realism. Adventure s of Huckleberry Finn is about a neglected 13-year old, whoseRead MoreHuck Finn: Racist or Not Racist?760 Words   |  4 PagesMark Twain went against endless amounts of criticism about his racist’s comments in his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The character of Jim is demeaning to African-Americans as he is portrayed as a foolish, uneducated, black slave. The â€Å"n† word is also used in the book describing him and many other African-American characters in the story. However, some see this book as anti-racist and believe that the use of racist’s comments is not racist at all. Those who think that are mistakenRead MoreA Brief Note On Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1310 Words   |  6 PagesSarah Jane Reshetiloff Mr. O’Hearn Honors British Literature 26 September 2015 Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterful social satire that demonstrates the awakening of a young, adventurous boy living in a culture of slavery. He uses humor and an unreliable narrator to convey social satire in the novel to reflect the flaws of society toward in the antebellum south. The novel was published in 1884, just after slaveryRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Is, Indeed, A Magnificent1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is, indeed, a magnificent piece of work. Having said that, Mark Twain wrote this book with qualities that, without a doubt, classify it as a regional text. Twain illustrates specific features of the South such as geography, culture, dialect and characters, which, in turn, aid in adding flare to this notable style of writing. Twain captures the South remarkably through his depiction of the geography in a specific region, which in this case is the Mississippi RiverRead MoreMark TwainS The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Is More1915 Words   |  8 PagesMark Twain s the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is more than just a condemnation of pre-civil war society and its justification of slavery. Twain also uses the novel to challenge the validity of superstition. The main characters, Huckleberry and Jim, are mere marionettes for Twain to express his censure through; he mocks them with their own fears and distortion of superstition. Twain’s representation of superstition throughout the book is indicative of his own thoughts towards the subject. The

Cell Biology Meiosis and Mitosis Free Essays

Cell Biology (CP8121) Experiment 2: Observing Mitosis and Meiosis on cell specimens (Formal report) Name: Wong Chung An Class: DMLS/FT/1B/02 Admin number: P1138687 Summary This experiment aims to observe mitosis and meiosis on cell specimens. It involves the modelling of the stages of meiosis and also the staining procedures to identify mitosis in onion root tip. There are two parts to the procedure of the experiment whereby the first is staining and observing mitosis in onion root tips and the second being observing and comparing mitosis between whitefish blastula and onion root tip. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Biology Meiosis and Mitosis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The results are that the five stages of mitosis have been observed and sketched, together with a comparison of telophase in plant and animal cells. The difference between the two types of cell division mitosis and meiosis has also been recorded. The conclusion is that all the objectives of the experiment have been met and it is recommended that the mitotic spindle be stained for a more complete picture of the various stages of mitosis. 1) Introduction It is important that the experiment is carried out so as to differentiate between the two types of nuclear division, mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a process mainly for the growth and replacement of somatic cells and it involves the replication of chromosomes which results in having two daughter cells each same as the parent nucleus. On the contrary, meiosis is for the production of gametes which is essential for an organism’s reproduction and it comprises of two successive nuclear divisions which results in the production of four haploid cells. Mitosis: A process which replicates chromosomes exactly so that each of the daughter cells contains identical information. The process of mitosis involves five stages. The five stages are: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase respectively. Meiosis: A process whereby two successive nuclear divisions will produce four haploid cells. There are two rounds of cell division in meiosis, mainly meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I is identical to that of mitosis whereas meiosis II is a round of reductional division. The process of meiosis has allowed for an escalation of genetic variations because of the crossing over of the genes. This process is crucial as it produces half the number of chromosomes as per the human sex cells. For humans, every gamete contains 23 chromosomes and fertilisation of an egg by a sperm will restitute the diploid number of 46 chromosomes 2) Objectives * Learn a staining procedure to identify mitosis using onion root tip. * Compare and contrast mitosis in plants and animals. * Compare and contrast stages of mitosis and meiosis * Model stages of meiosis. 3) Procedures (a) Preparation and observation of onion root tip slide ) An onion root tip was obtained and the first 1-3mm of its root tip was cut off using a scalpel. The root tip was then placed at the centre of a clean slide using a forceps. 2) Then, the root tip was covered with 2-3 drops of 1N HCL solution and then placed over the hot plate for 3-5 seconds using a slide holder. 3) Without touching the root tip, the excess acid was then blotted off using a paper towel. 4) After which, the root tip was then covered once again, this time in 3-4 drops of 0. 5% Toluidine Blue solution. 5) The excess stain was blotted off and a cover slip was added. ) To spread out the stained root tip for visualisation, the slide was placed in the middle of a folded paper towel and applied pressure upon by placing the thumb directly above the cover slip and having it gently pressed on against a lab bench. 7) The slide was examined on low power on the microscope and embryonic cells which are square-like were looked for. 8) Once the mitotic figures were found, the microscope was switched to a higher power. 9) The phases that were seen were sketched on the datasheet. (b) Observation of prepared slides: Mitosis in Onion root tip Whitefish blastula ) The prepared slides provided were reviewed by using a low power (10x) to locate the cells and high power (40x) to change the focus. 2) This time, instead of sketching the different phases of mitosis in onion root tip, the differences in mitosis between the plant and animal cells were rec orded. 4) Results and Discussion *For the results, refer to the datasheet archived under appendix at the end of the report. 5. 1 Explanation and reasons for results The results of the datasheet have shown that all the five main phases of mitosis can be observed. This can because of several reasons such as the choice of use of onion root tips, flattening of the onion root tips, addition of hydrochloric acid and 0. 5% Toluidine Blue solution. Onion root tips are easy to grow in large numbers and the cells at its tips are actively dividing, thus many of its cells will be in different stages of mitosis. The reason for using the last 1-3mm of the root tip is because it is where the region of cell division (meristem) is located. This is the region whereby cells are dividing but not significantly increasing in size. The flattening of the onion root tips allows the chromosomes of each individual cell to be observed. The hydrochloric acid added, plays a part in fragmenting the root tissues by weakening and removing the bonds between cells so that each cell will not be attached to the other cell, obstructing the observation. Toluidine Blue solution acts as a colorant, giving a blue colour to the chromosomes and so that it is more easily spotted and examined. 5. 2 Evaluation of the results achieved Interphase: The interphase is the phase in which the cell is involved in metabolic activity and fulfilling its role as part of a tissue in the body. During this phase, the DNA duplicates as it is preparing for mitosis and the chromosomes are cannot be easily distinguished. However, the nucleolus, a dark spot may be visible instead. Prophase: During the prophase, the chromatin within the nucleus will begin to condense and become visible in the microscope as chromosomes. Then the nuclear membrane will dissolve, signalling the start of Prometaphase. After which, proteins would then attach to the centromeres, creating kinetochores in which the microtubules will attached to. The chromosomes would then start moving. Metaphase: The chromosomes would then be aligned by the spindle fibres at the equator of the spindle. This alignment helps to ensure that in the anaphase, when the chromosomes are separated, each of the new nucleuses will receive a copy of each of the chromosomes. Anaphase: In the anaphase, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome at the centromeres would start to separate. This movement is due to the shortening of the kinetochore microtubules. Telophase: The two sets of daughter chromosomes would arrive at the two poles and the mitotic spindle would disappear. A nuclear envelope would start to form around each set of daughter chromosomes at both ends of the poles. Cytokinesis may have also begun during this phase depending on each individual cell. 5. 3 Descriptions of problems encountered The problem that we have encountered during this experiment was during the preparation of the first slide of onion root tip. The amount of toluidine blue solution may not be enough as only a few of the cell nucleus have been stained. This makes it difficult for us trace the various stages of mitosis. This problem is resolved however by making a new set of the onion root tip slide. 5) Conclusions and Recommendations In conclusion, the experiment was a success and all of the objectives of the experiments were met. All five stages of mitosis have been observed and a comparison of mitosis between plant and animal cells has been made. Although we did not get to observe the stages of meiosis, we have modelled the stages of meiosis and acquired knowledge of it. In my opinion, I would recommend that the mitotic spindles of the onion root tip cells be stained as well. This would allow a more in depth observation of mitosis and instead of solely looking at the movement of the chromosomes and the nucleus, we could observe the reason behind the movement of the chromosomes. 6) Appendix http://www. marietta. edu/~biol/introlab/Onion%20root%20mitosis. pdf Clark, D. C. and P. M. Mathis. (2000). Modeling mitosis and meiosis: a problem-solving activity. The American Biology Teacher Mickle, J. E. 1990. A model for teaching mitosis and meiosis. The American Biology Teacher Carmen Chan Yuen Man (2011). Cell Biology lecture notes (CP8121). Singapore Polytechnic. How to cite Cell Biology Meiosis and Mitosis, Papers

Origin Of Korean War Essays - Member States Of The United Nations

Origin Of Korean War Origins of Korean War Korean War started on the 25th June 1950, but do you know how and why it happened? When someone mentions the Korean War, everyone knows that it was a civil war between the North and the South Korea. But, do you know the origin of how it actually got started? There are lot of things that happened, before the North Koreans decided to cross over the 38th parallel. Korean civil war was just a small part of the whole war. The war also included more then just Koreans. What people don't know is that there were other countries that took a huge part in the start of the Korean War such as Japan, China, Russia, and United States. In the nineteenth century, Korea was just a small peasant society that paid tribute to the Chinese. This small Korean society was nothing more then a part of an inward-looking pre-capitalist Chinese world (MacDonald 3). But when the Russia and Japanese imperialism made a huge effect on the China, Korea was able to come out of its isolation. By the end of the century, Korea had become a prize in a three-way contest between China, Russia and Japan. In 1894, Japan defeated China, thus eliminating them from the contest. Then in 1905, Japan defeated Russia, making them the dominant power in Korea. In 1910, Japan took over Korea and made them into a Japanese colony. As soon as Korea became a Japanese colony, Korea became the Japans expansion into the Northeast Asia. Though Japan tried to pursue a program of modernization, Japans rule was generally unpopular. This created a Korean group called KPG. KPG was a Korean Provisional Government in Shanghai in 1921. This was a self-constructed group that later came to be known as the main source of resistance to Japanese rule in 1930. Man named Kim Il Sung was one of the members of the KPG who stood out amongst the rest. He later becomes the president of North Korea. After struggling for forty years as a Japanese colony, Korea now had to struggle as a pawn in the newly created Cold War (Hastings 25). The Americans decided to land troops to occupy Korea at the end of the war as soon as they found out that the Russia was interested in overtaking the Korea as their sphere of interest. A Soviet Unions occupying Korea would create and entirely new strategic situation in the Far East. Though Pentagon decided that interest towards Korea was not going to be a long-term interest to the US, their view changed drastically within three weeks. Washington's view of both the desirability and feasibility to deny at least a small part of Korea changed. On August 10, 1945, dropping of the Nagasaki bomb finalized the participation of the US occupation in Korea. Unexpected by the United States, Soviet Union agreed to accept the 38th parallel as their limit of advance(Hastings 27). Russia and United States met in Potsdam and decided that it would be for the best if t hey were to accept the surrender of the Japanese forces in Korea by dividing the country at the 38th parallel. This event took place during the summer of 1945. As in Europe, 38th parallel became permanent, violating the US and Russia's sphere of interest. Russia and the US tried to define the parameters of change, only to find out that they both supported the different sides. While Russia took the left, US took the alliance with the right. This placed the conservatives in control of the security device that was granted by the defeated Japanese. Russia accepted the Japanese surrender in August, and United States accepted the Japanese surrender in September. Through this, Korea had unexpectedly found themselves separated. North Korea was now set up to work as an satellite state for China and South Korea was to become a free nation prepared by the United States. By the year of 1950, the North Korea People's Army was trained and equipped by the Soviet Union. North Koreans were now heavily trained and now had an aggressive military force. They were well equipped with Russian small arms, artillery, armor, and propeller-driven fighter aircraft(Knox 3). By 1950 the

Fun Things to Do During College Summers

Fun Things to Do During College Summers Your time in college during the academic year, that is is, of course, filled with stressors like classes, papers, lab reports, and exams. It is also happily filled with the fun stuff, like friends, parties, going out, and a seemingly endless schedule of upcoming events and activities. During the summer, however, the social scene in your life can drastically decrease, especially if youre no longer on campus and spend your days at a job or internship. Whats a college student to do? Get Some Culture Go to a museum.  Go see some art, plants, science, history, or anything else you find interesting. And make sure to use your student ID for a discount.Go to a film festival.  Film festivals can be a great way to see new, independent films that you might not otherwise see, and summer is a great time to find a festival that focuses on the kinds of films you like.Go to a concert.  Who doesnt like a late-night, all-out, super-fun, big-name concert?Go to a music festival.  The weathers nice, the musics great, and the people are fun and interesting. Take advantage of summer music festivals while you can.Go to a play.  It doesnt have to be Shakespeare but it should be fun. Whens the last night you went to the theater not for a class anyway? Get Creative Learn an instrument.  You may have always had a desire to play the piano, learn the flute, or even play the drums. Why not learn now when you have the time and freedom to really put your heart into it?Take an art class.  Learning to make pottery or how to paint, for example, can be a great way to learn how to release your creative side.Try your hand at creative writing.  You can try to write poems, a short story, or even music. You never know what you might come up with when you have the time and freedom to really let your mind explore!Take a photography class.  Honing your photo-taking skills can be a great way to have fun, meet people, get some skills, and see new parts of your town. Get Lost in a Good Story Read a new release book.  It can be science fiction, general fiction, trashy romance, murder mystery, historical fiction but it doesnt matter. Grab the latest release and let your brain take a break.Read a classic.  Always hearing about a classic book one of your friends or family members loves? Been curious about a novel you never read in high school? Summer is the perfect chance to finally sit down and read it.Buy a magazine you dont usually read.  It can be intellectual, like The Economist, or ridiculous and fun, like People. But whens the last time you just let yourself sit, veg out, and read a magazine?Get an audiobook.  Fair enough: you may read enough during the year to not want your nose in another book over the summer. Consider buying (or getting from the library)  an audiobook that you can listen to while working out or driving around. Get Physical Try a new form of exercise.  Been curious about yoga, pilates, spinning, or something else? The summer is a great time to explore something new and see if its a fit.Join a community sports team.  Most places have community sports teams that play in the summer; they can range from competitive baseball to completely silly kickball leagues. See whats in your area and what you can join for the few months youre free.Take a class at the gym.  Summer can be a great time to get in shape. Your local gym probably has classes you can join that will help you exercise your body and relax your brain.Go golfing.  Never been? Golfing can be a great workout, a fun way to spend the day outside, and an important skill to learn if youre interested in going into the business field.Take a dance class.  Feel awkward when you go out clubbing with friends? A dance class can help, even if its something funky like swing or salsa.Go for a bike ride.  People seem to ride bikes less and less the olde r they get. But bike rides can be a fun way to get out and  get some exercise. Do something that challenges your fears.  Terrified of skydiving? Bungee jumping? And yet,  do you secretly also want to try them? Grab a friend and conquer your fears. Get Social and Give Back Volunteer. Think of the last time you volunteered. Didnt you feel great afterward? No matter where you leave, there are undoubtedly places that could use your time, energy, and smarts.Join a community group. Treat yourself to something fun that also gets you out into the community, like a running or hiking club.Organize an event at your church, temple, mosque, etc.  If youre a little bored this summer, chances are others are, too. Organize something fun with people you have something in common with. Get Entertained Try a new video game. Seriously, its summer. What better time is there to grab a new game and play it without worrying about that paper youd have to write if it were the school year?Watch a movie marathon. You can rent a ton of your faves or just watch a themed marathon on a TV network.Spend a weekend seeing all the new releases. Grab a friend and see if you can see all the new releases in one weekend. With food in the theater, theres no reason why you can just spend all day there, seeing movie after movie!Try a new idea: breakfast and a movie. Just wake up? Call a friend and meet at a local place that serves 24/7 breakfasts ASAP. Then amble over to the theater and enjoy whatever movie is next playing. Added bonus: breakfast is cheaper than dinner, and matinees are cheaper than the later shows.Head to an amusement park.  Its a summer classic and can easily turn into one of the highlights of your summer. See the World Or Explore Your Own Backyard Take a bus or a train somewhere new. Flying can be so cheap these days that folks sometimes forget about the bus or train. But sometimes the journey is half the fun, and youll see new parts of the country youd never see from the air.Take a quick flight somewhere new. Since flights, especially last-minute deals, can be so cheap, why not hop a flight this weekend and see a friend?Act like a tourist in your own town.  If you were in your town on vacation, what would you do? You might surprise yourself by finding new things to do and see.Go camping.  Camping during the school year can be a challenge, both because of your workload and because of the weather. Utilize all that summer has to offer for the great outdoors. Get Cookin Try a new kind of food or restaurant. Heard people talk about how delicious Peruvian food is, for example? Or have you always been secretly afraid to try sushi? Challenge yourself to try something new (to you).Experiment in the kitchen/learn to cook. During school, you probably dont have much time to learn how to cook; you just need food, fast. Use some of your summer free time to learn how to cook.Take a knife class.  Learning how to properly use a knife in the kitchen is both handy and impressive and yet very few people do it correctly. Taking a knife class at a local cooking school will be entertaining and super helpful as you learn to cook for yourself more and more.Take a bartending class.  Its fun, its handy, its a great way to meet people with similar interests. Whats not to like?Host your own Iron Chef competition.  Gather several friends and divide them into groups. Then, at a certain time in the morning, e-mail out the secret ingredient. Everyone has to report back t o, say, your house at 5:00. People will have fun and youll have dinner on top of it. Pamper Yourself Get a massage at a massage school.  Youre a student; you know how important it is to learn by doing. Find a local massage school and help another student learn his or her trade. Added bonus: massage-school massages are usually way cheaper than the regular ones and just as good.Get a funky haircut.  You may not even get a haircut while youre away at school. Why not use summer as a time to get a little funky with color or style? Take Full Advantage of the Summer Season Go to a major sports game.  Baseball, basketball, soccer it doesnt matter. Grab some friends and head to the stadium.Go to a minor sports game.  Things like  minor league baseball games can be incredibly fun and much cheaper than the big leagues. See whos around your town and when you can watch em play.Grab some kites, friends, burgers, beers, and a picnic table.  With that combo, how can you go wrong?Go to a water park.  Summer is prime time for water park fun as long as you remember the suntan lotion.Make your own fun water park day.  You dont have to have a water park near you to enjoy yourself. Grab some water balloons, a Slip n Slide, a kiddie pool (that can be used for lounging or even, when filled with ice, for storing drinks), some friends, and a hose. Set Yourself Up For Success Get a head start on your fall classes.  Alright, this one may sound lame, but it can do wonders for your mental health to look over your syllabi and perhaps get a head start on the reading especially for a class you might be geeked out about.Set up systems for success for the new year.  Okay, this also sounds lame, but think about it: Did you struggle with time management? Being  organized? Spending a little time now, while you have it, may save you a lot of time and frustration once school starts.Take an online class.  You wont have to commute, you can save some cash, and you might even get ahead on the credits youll need to graduate.Build a personal website.  If youre going to be graduating next year, a personal website can be a great way to advertise yourself to future employers and show them all your mad skills. Make sure to keep it clean and professional.Go through your old stuff and donate what you dont use or need.  Do you have things for 2 lives: your college lif e and your pre-college life? Someone somewhere will probably be grateful for all of those sweatshirts and t-shirts youre no longer using. Clean up your e-life.  Super fun? Probably not. Will you feel better afterward? Most definitely. Dump your old Facebook friends, clean up your  laptop desktop, and delete old pictures you dont want or would hate to get in the wrong hands from your camera or phone. A clean e-slate is a great way to start your new year.

Sand Dunes Around the World

Sand Dunes Around the World Sand dunes form some of the most spectacular and dynamic landforms on the planet. Individual sand granules (grains of sand) accumulate through both water and wind (eolian) transportation, a process known as saltation. Individual saltating granules form transversely (perpendicular) to the winds direction forming small ripples. As more granules collect, dunes form. Sand dunes can form in any landscape on Earth, not just deserts. Formation of Sand Dunes Sand itself is a type of soil particle. Its large size makes for swift transportation and high erodability. When granules accumulate, they form dunes under the following conditions: 1. Granules accumulate in an area devoid of vegetation.2. There must be enough wind to transport the granules.3. Granules will eventually settle into drifts and in larger quantities dunes when they accumulate against a stable barrier to the wind, such as vegetation or rocks. Parts of a Sand Dune Every sand dune has a windward (stoss) slope, crest, slipface, and leeward slope. The stoss side of the dune is transverse to the predominant wind direction. Saltating sand granules travel up the leeward slope, slowing as they accumulate other granules. The slipface forms right underneath the crest (the peak of the sand dune), where granules reach their maximum height and begin to slope steeply down the leeward side. Types of Sand Dunes Crescent sand dunes, also called barchan or transverse, are the most common sand dune shapes in the world. They form along the same direction as the predominant winds and have a single slipface. Since they are wider than they are long they can travel very quickly. Linear dunes are straight and are often in the form of parallel ridges. Reversing dunes result from sand dunes that are impacted by wind that reverses direction. Star dunes are pyramid-shaped and have three or more sides. Dunes can also be comprised of smaller dunes of different types, called complex dunes. Sand Dunes Around the World Algerias Grand Erg Oriental is one of the largest sea of dunes in the world. This portion of the vast Sahara Desert covers over 140,00 square kilometers in area. These predominantly linear dunes run north-south, with some complex dunes in the area as well. The famous sand dunes at Great Sand Dune National Park in southern Colorado formed in a valley from ancient lake bed. Large quantities of sand remained in the area after the lake breached. Predominant winds blew the sands towards the nearby Sangre de Cristo mountains. Storm winds blew over the other side of the mountains towards the valley, causing the dunes to grow vertically. This resulted in the tallest sand dunes in North America at over 750 feet. Several hundred miles north and east lie the Nebraska sandhills. Much of west and central Nebraska is covered by these ancient mostly transverse dunes, left over from when the Rocky Mountains formed. Agriculture can be difficult so ranching is the predominant land use in the area. Livestock graze these heavily vegetated hills. The sandhills are significant as they helped form the Ogallala Aquifer, which provides water for much of the Great Plains and central North America. Highly porous sandy soils collected centuries of rain and glacial meltwater, which helped form the massive unconfined aquifer. Today organizations such as the Sandhills Task Force strive to save water resources in this area. Visitors and residents of one of the Midwests largest cities can visit the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, along part of Lake Michigans southern shore, about an hour southeast of Chicago. The dunes at this popular attraction resulted when the Wisconsin glacier formed Lake Michigan over 11,000 years ago. Sediments left behind formed the present dunes as the massive glacier melted during the Wisconsin Ice Age. Mount Baldy, the tallest dune in the park actually retreats south at a rate of about four feet per year as it is too tall to for vegetation to hold it in place. This kind of dune is known as a freedune. Sand dunes are found around the world, in varying types of climates. Overall, every sand dune is created by the interaction of the wind with soil in the form of grains of sand.

The current state of coastal process research and the drivers for the Essay

The current state of coastal process research and the drivers for the future - Essay Example The coastal system is a large process that revolves anything in or around coastal areas. The coast is the part of the land adjoining or near the ocean. A coastline is properly, a line on a map indicating the disposition of a coast but the word is often used to refer to the coast itself. According to Carter " the definition of a coast is something being on, near or having to do with a coast". The beach is a large protion of this system. The beach can be defined as the zone above the water line at a shore of a body of water. A beach is discernible because of the accumulation of stone, sand and/or gravel that the tide or waves deposited. It is important to keep in mind that when referring to the coast it should be thought of as a very specific definitioncoast is a very specific efinition. When using the word coast it should only be used when it is applied to the part of an island or a continent that borders an ocean or its saltwater tributatires. (Carter 1988) There are different kinds of coasts that can be referred to. One of these is a pelagic coast. A pelagic coast is a coast which fronts the open ocean. A pelagic coast differs from a coat that I more sheltered such as in a gul or a bay. Do not confuse a coast with a shore. A shore refers to areas of the land which are connected to any large body of water. A shore includes oceans and is called a sea shore, and a shore can adjoin with a lake then it is called a lakeshore. When referring to a river it is is called a bank rather than a coast or a shore. . However, this discussion I concerned only with coastal systems. RECENT PAST &CURENT RESEARCH: Coastal systems are of interest throughout the world. New observation and coastal research centres are being implemented in the United Kingdom (UK) as well as all through the world. This is because there is great interest in the status of the coastal systems due to environmental reasons and because all there is to be known about the coastal process is now known. While there is a great deal of data, available, everyday researchers and scientists find new information that will help in the field of coastal systems science. The new centres and programs that are being installed throughout the world, as well as the ones that currently exist, are being implemented to supply the data and knowledge necessary to forecast physical, chemical and biological changes that occur in coastal and open-ocean ecosystems. (Gubbay 1990) Current research has advanced the instrumentation, communications and modelling capabilities for coastal systems research. These advances have led to the advancement in prediction systems for the coastal areas of the world. These prediction capabilities are important because if success the prediction system will be able to predict certain phenomena-or predict it more accurately. This coastal phenomenon includes flooding and coastal erosion, oxygen depletion due to eutrophication and other potentially harmful to the coastal systems phenomena. (Gubbay 1990) In 1998 a series of studies conducted by Coastal Research of Plymouth, UK revealed new information about open

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Ethics - Essay Example This is because the topic is a sensitive on among certain communities present in the campus the paper is situated. Advertisements are hypothetically expected to have a positive impact on the audience. They are also expected to be sensitive to the issues affecting the community (Sheehan 178). Therefore, it is wrong for the university to run the advertisement on holocaust. The holocaust was an infamous historical period, which affected the Jewish community in Europe adversely. Therefore, the event is bound to raise strong emotions predominantly from the Jewish community in the campus. Since the period had grave consequences for the community, there should be sensitivity when approaching the issue (Shimp 319). This is because, as a journalist, it is imperative to consider the impact of the communication on the community. Therefore, it is morally incorrect to run this advertisement judging from the reaction that may be experienced from the community. Not running the advertisement will avert eliciting negative reactions from the community (Tyagi and Kumar 328). Advertisements are powerful tools for persuading the public to adopt certain mindsets. Therefore, it is imperative that journalists appreciate the significance of these communications among the community. If this is the case, moral considerations should be key in advertisements to avoid eliciting negative reactions from the

Political Climate Of 19th Century And Nationalism History Essay

Political Climate Of 19th Century And Nationalism History Essay 1. Introduction In this unit I shall introduce you the various aspects of Indian National Movement during its earlier phase. Resistance to British rule had always been there, but it was in 1857 that large sections of Indian people in various regions made a combined effort to overthrow the British. That is why it is often termed as the first war of independence. Due to certain weaknesses the uprising was crushed by the British, but as far as the struggle was concerned there was no going back. This inspired a new kind of struggle. The intelligentsia, which earlier believed in the benevolence of British rule, now came forward to expose its brutality. Political associations were formed and the Indian National Congress played a vital role in directing the freedom struggle. The main focus of this unit is the role of moderates and militant nationalists and the efforts made during the Swadeshi Movement to involve the masses into the freedom struggle. This was also a period of cultural renaissance as far as the Indian society is concerned. Many social and religious reformers took up the battle against the social and religious evils that existed in our society. This contributed immensely towards the making of a new India. 2. Pre-Gandhi Era 2.1. The First War of Independence In 1857, there occurred a revolt, popularly known as the Indias First War of Independence, where millions of soldiers, artisans and peasants made a combined effort to overthrow foreign rule. The Revolt was, however, a no sudden occurrence. It was the culmination of nearly a century-old discontent with the British policies and imperialist exploitation. The British conquered India and colonized its economy and society through a prolonged process. This process led to continuous resistance by the people through a series of civil rebellions led by deposed rulers, impoverished zamindars and poligars (landed military magnates in South India) and ex-officials of the conquered Indian states. The mass base of these rebellions came from the ruined peasants and artisans and demobilized soldiers. Starting with the Sanyasi rebellion and Chuar uprising in Bengal and Bihar in the 1760s, there was hardly a year without armed opposition or a decade without a major armed rebellion in one part of the co untry or the other. From 1763 to 1856 there were more than 40 major rebellions apart from hundreds of minor ones. Though massive in their totality, these rebellions were, however, wholly local in character and effects and were isolated from each other. 2.1.1. Causes The Revolts of 1857 started on 10 May when the Companys Indian soldiers (sepoys) at Meerut rebelled, killed their European officers, marched to Delhi, entered the Red Fort and proclaimed the aged and powerless Bahadur Shah 11 (who still bore the prestigious name of the Mughals) as the Emperor of India. The Companys sepoys had many grievances against their employers, ranging from declining material and other service conditions to religious interference and racial arrogance. But basically they reflected the general discontent with British rule. They were after all a part of Indian society and they were peasants in uniform. The hopes, desires, despair and discontent of other sections of Indian society were reflected in them. The sepoys rebellion was a product of the accumulated grievances of the Indian people. The most important underlying cause of the Revolt was the disruption of the traditional Indian economy and its subordination to British economy and the intense economic exploitation of the country. Above all, the colonial policy of intensifying land revenue demand led to a large number of peasants losing their land to revenue farmers, traders and moneylenders. Destruction of traditional handicrafts ruined and impoverished millions of artisans. The economic decline of peasantry a nd artisans was reflected in 12 major and numerous minor famines from 1770 to 1857. 2.1.2. Extent and intensity The Revolt of 1857 swept Northern India like a hurricane. Nearly half of East India Companys Indian soldiers rebelled. Everywhere in Northern India, the soldiers rebellion was followed by popular revolts of the civilian population. According to one estimate, of the total number of about 1,50,000 men who died fighting the English in Avadh, over 1,00,000 were civilians. The Revolt soon embraced a wide area engulfing Avadh, Rohilkhand, the Duab, the Bundelkhand, Central India, large parts of Bihar, and East Punjab. There were uprising in Rajasthan at Nasirabad, Nimach and Kota. Even in Kolhapur the sepoys rose in arms. In many of the princely states of these regions, the rulers remained loyal to the British but the soldiers and people joined the rebels or refused to fight against them. 2.1.3. Defeat In the end, British imperialism, at the height of its power the world over, succeeded in ruthlessly suppressing the Revolt. The reasons were many. Despite its wide reach, the Revolt could not embrace the entire country or all sections of Indian society. Bengal, South India and large parts of Punjab remained outside its reach since these areas had already exhausted themselves through prolonged rebellions and struggle against the British. Most rulers of Indian states and the big zamindars remained loyal to the foreign rulers. Thus, Scindhia of Gwalior, Holkar of Indore, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Rajput rulers of Jodhpur and many other Rajputana states, the Nawab of Bhopal, the rulers of Patiala and Kashmir, the Ranas of Nepal, and many other rulers and chieftains gave active support to the British in suppressing the Revolt. In general, merchants and moneylenders either supported the British or refused to help the rebels. The modem educated Indians also did not support the Revolt. The leaders of the Revolt fought with courage, but could neither coordinate their struggle nor evolve a unified high command. Instead, they indulged in constant petty quarrels. The rebels were short of modern weapons and often had to fight with primitive weapons such as swords and spikes. They were very poorly organized. The sepoys were brave but at times there was lack of discipline which affected their military efficiency. 2.2. Early Phase of Nationalism The defeat of the Revolt of 1857 made it clear that uprisings based on old outlooks and social forces could not defeat modern imperialism. For that, new social forces, new ideologies, a modern political movement based on an understanding of modern imperialism and capable of mobilizing the masses for nationwide political activity were needed. Such a movement was initiated during the second half of the 19th century by modern nationalist intelligentsia. The new movement had a much narrower social base, but was inspired by new political ideas, new intellectual perception of reality and new social, economic and political objectives. It also represented new forces and forms of struggle, new leading classes and new techniques of political organization. Many factors were responsible for the rise of this powerful movement. 2.2.1. Role of the Intellectuals Initially, this process was grasped only by the modern Indian intellectuals. Paradoxically, during this first half of the 19th century, they had adopted a very supportive approach towards colonial rule for the following reasons: They had believed that the restructuring of Indian society could occur under British rule because Britain was the most advanced country of the time. They hoped that the British would help India get rid of its past backwardness. The intellectuals, attracted by modem industry and the prospects of modern economic development, hoped that, Britain would industrialize India and introduce modern capitalism. They believed that Britain, guided by the doctrine of democracy, civil liberties, and sovereignty of the people, would introduce modern science and technology and modern knowledge in India, leading to the cultural and social regeneration of its people. 2.2.2. Role of Colonial state The open reactionary character of Lyttons Viceroyalty from 1876 to 1880 quickened the pace of Indian nationalism. The list of some of the reactionary methods adopted by Lytton is: The Arms Act of 1878 disarmed the entire Indian people at one stroke. The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 sought to suppress the growing Indian criticism of British rule. The reduction of the maximum age for sitting in the Indian Civil Service Examination from 21 years to 19 further reduced the chances of Indians entering the Civil Service. The holding of a lavish imperial Durbar (in 1877) at a time when millions of Indians were dying of famine and waging a costly war against Afghanistan at the cost of the Indian economy. The removal of import duties on British textile imports threatened the existence of the newly rising Indian textile industry. 2.2.3. Emergence of the Indian National Congress The time was now ripe for the formation of an all-lndia organization which could organize and coordinate the political activities of Indians all over the country against foreign rule and exploitation. Various attempts were made in this direction for several years. Surendra Nath Banerjee took the lead by forming the Indian Association. The idea finally got a concrete shape when a large group of political workers such as Dadabhai Naoroji, Justice M.G. Ranade, K.T. Telang and Badruddin Tyabji cooperated with A. O. Hume, a retired English Civil servant, in holding the first session of the Indian National Congress at Bombay in December 1885. The struggle for Indias independence was thus launched, though on a rather small scale. 2.3. Moderate and Militant Nationalists The most important contribution of the early nationalists, known as Moderate nationalists, was their economic critique of imperialism and their persistent agitation on economic questions. They analyzed all the three forms of colonial economic exploitation, i.e. exploitation through trade, industry and finance. They clearly grasped that the essence of British colonialism lay in the subordination of the Indian economy to the British economy. They vehemently opposed the British attempt to develop in India the basic characteristics of a colonial economy, viz. the transformation of India into a supplier of raw materials, a market for British manufacturers and a field of investment for foreign capital. 2.3.1. Moderates Aims and Methods The early nationalists constantly agitated for democratic civil rights, a free press, and a democratic and non-racialist administration. In fact, it was during this period and as a result of political work by the nationalists that democratic ideas began to take root among the Indian people in general, and the intelligentsia in particular. The Moderates also agitated for the spread of modern education, science and technology. In the political field, they demanded reforms that would lead to a greater share for Indians in the administration and legislative machinery. The weakness of the early nationalists lay in the narrow social base of the movement. The movement did not, as yet, have a wide appeal. It did not penetrate down to the masses. The Moderates political work was confined to the urban educated middle classes. Their programme and policies, however, were not confined to the interests of the middle classes. They took up the causes of all sections of the Indian people and represented the interests of the emerging Indian nation against colonial domination. 2.3.2. Militants Aims and Methods The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the development of the Indian National Movement to a new, higher stage under a new militant nationalist leadership. This was in part the fruition of the earlier nationalist agitation, and in part the consequence of the reassertion of imperialism at the end of the 19th century. The symbol of the new imperial assertion, of despotism and efficiency, was Lord Curzon the Viceroy since 1899. Political Indians now despaired of getting political concessions from the rulers through political argument and methods of polite agitation. Indians must, they realized, depend on themselves and take recourse to mass politics and mass agitation around the goal of independence from Britain. The social and economic conditions of the country also pointed in the same direction: Economic decay and stagnation. The fruits of colonial underdevelopment were beginning to surface by the end of the 19th century. Symbolic in this respect were the famines that devastated the country from 1897 to 1900 that killed millions. Several international events at this time contributed to the growth of militant nationalism. The defeat of the Italian army by the Ethiopians in 1896 and Russia by Japan in 1905 exploded the myth of European superiority. Similar was the impact of the revolutionary movements in Ireland, Russia, Egypt, Turkey and China: a united people, who were willing to make sacrifices, were surely capable of overthrowing foreign despotic rule even if it appeared powerful on the surface. 2.4. Swadeshi Movement Thus, conditions were ready for the national movement to advance to a higher stage. The spark was provided when the movement announced its decision to partition the province of Bengal on 20th July 1905. The decision, as the Government claimed, was allegedly based on administrative grounds. But the people of Bengal saw it as an effort to divide the nationalistically inclined Bengali people and thus stem the rising tide of militant nationalism in Bengal and India. Political agitation was inaugurated by a general hartal and a day of fasting on 16th October in Calcutta. Huge crowds paraded the streets of Calcutta and a mammoth meeting of 50,000 was held in the evening. Entire Bengal, from cities to villages, was reverberating with meetings, processions and demonstrations. Soon a new form of political action was added. All foreign goods were to he boycotted and Swadeshi or Indian-made goods alone were to he used. In many places public burnings of foreign cloth were organized and shops selling foreign cloth were picketed. The new leadership also gave a call for passive resistance to the authorities. This was to take the form of non-cooperation with the Government by boycotting schools and colleges, the courts, and government services. This part of the programme could not, however, be put into practice on a significant scale. The new leadership also raised the slogan of independence from foreign rule. One result was that Dadabhai Naoroji declared in his presidential address to the Congress in December 1906 that the goal of the Congress was self-government or Swaraj. 3. Ingression of Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose The third and the last phase of the national movement began in 1919 when the era of popular mass movements was initiated. During the First World War, the Allies Britain, France and the U.S.A. had declared that the World War was being fought in defence of democracy and the right of nations to self-determination. But after their victory they showed little willingness to end the colonial rule. The Indians had not only cooperated with the war effort but had considerably suffered also. They hoped of getting due returns. But they were very soon disenchanted. While the British Government made a half-hearted attempt at constitutional reform, it also made it clear that it had no intention to part with political power. A new leader named Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, took command. The new leader kept in mind the basic weakness of the previous leadership and sought to remove them. He had evolved a new form of struggle called non-cooperation and a new technique of struggle Satyagraha, which would not remain a mere programme but were capable of being put into practice. He had already put them to test in South Africa while fighting for the rights of immigrant Indians. Gandhi also took up to the cause of peasants in Champaran (Bihar) and the working class in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). This was also a period of rising prices and epidemics in various parts of the country. In many regions the peasants had been subjected to extortions in the name of war effort. Gandhi responded to the growing anger and militancy of the Indian people after the end of the World War and created the organization and techniques that would give the movement a mass base. 3.1. Official Response Throughout the war, the Government had carried on repression of militant nationalists. It now decided to acquire further powers to meet the nationalist challenge. In March 1919 it passed the Rowlatt Act (the Indians called it Black Act) which authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial. The Indian sentiment was outraged. In February 1919, Gandhi started a Satyagraha Sabha whose members were committed to disobeying the Act and thus to court arrest. Thus, Gandhi took the first step towards making the national movement a movement of mass political action, rather than a mere agitation. Simultaneously, he urged the Congress to increasingly rely on the peasants and artisans. Symbolic of the new emphasis was to be the use of Khadi or hand-spun, hand-woven cloth. 3.2. Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Gandhi and the National Congress decided in September 1920 to launch a non-violent, non-cooperation movement and continue it till the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs were removed and Swaraj established. Gandhi gave the slogan Swaraj in a year. The people were asked to boycott government affiliated schools and colleges, law courts and legislatures and foreign cloth and to surrender officially conferred titles and honors. Later the programme extended to include resignation from government service and mass civil disobedience including the non-payment of taxes. National schools and colleges were to be set up. People were asked to practice hand-spinning and produce khadi, to give up untouchability and promote and maintain Hindu-Muslim unity. Provincial Congress Committees were now to be organised on a linguistic basis. The Congress organization was to reach down to the village level and its membership fee was to be reduced to 4 annas (25 paise of today) per year to enable the rural and urban p oor to become members. This first mass movement assumed unprecedented proportions during 1920-22. Lakhs of students left schools and colleges. Hundreds of lawyers gave up their practice. Majority of voters refused to participate in elections to the legislatures. The boycott of foreign cloth became a mass movement, with thousands of bonfires of foreign cloth lighting the Indian sky. Picketing of shops selling foreign cloth and of liquor shops was also very successful. In many regions the factory workers and peasants were at the forefront. Gandhi was, however, not satisfied. On 4th February 1922 an event occurred called as the Chauri Chaura incident when a Congress procession of 3,000 peasants was fired upon by the police and in retaliation the angry crowd burnt the police station causing the death of 22 policemen. Gandhi took a very serious view of the incident. Feeling that the people were not yet properly trained in non-violence, he called off the entire movement on February 1922. 4. Entry of Subhas Chandra Bose in Indian Politics During the final phase of Indias struggle for independence, Subhash Chandra Bose has made an outstanding contribution. He believed in the ideology of militant patriotism. He was the spearhead of the revolutionary freedom struggle in India. When Subhash Chandra Bose came in India, he joined Congress on the behest of Gandhiji. He met Gandhiji and Nehru and told them about his ideas of patriotism. Subhash Chandra Bose believed that only military power could wipe out the British rule from India. Both Gandhiji and Nehru were against the militant politics of Netaji. But he was so popular which led him to the position of the President of Congress. After quitting from congress due to some political reasons, Bose asked the masses to change the face of the Civil Disobedience movement in to an armed struggle, exploiting the adversity of the British in the world war. He was jailed in 1927 due to his aggressive patriotism and was considered as the number one enemy. He commenced fast unto death on November 29, 1940 for his release from the prison. Later he escaped from jail and went overseas to meet Hitler, Romain Rolland, Ribbentrop and other members of the Nazi hierarchy and asked them for support against the British. He got the help of the Japanese C-in-C Terauchi in the struggle to liberate India. He formed Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) in 1941 and set up Provisional Government of Free India in exile. He gave a speech on July 9, 1943 which was attended by 60,000 people. His great words Give me blood, I will give you freedom is still remembered. So many people were inspired and many came to join the INA. He also had a definite plan for reconstruction of India after the independence. Bose and his men started war against the British with the support of the Japanese army. But World War II was on its peak and Japan had to call back its troops. The INA was defeated by the British and Bose escaped to Japan. On his way he disappeared and believed to have died in a plane crash and his whereabouts are still unknown.